EXPERIENCE OF PATIENTS FOLLOWING IMPLEMENTATION OF SMOKE-FREE POLICY IN ADULT PSYCHIATRIC UNIT

Research in practice assignment guide:

1.1 Learning outcomes to be assessed
At the end of this module, you will:

1. Critically examine how evidence-based practice underpins your safe practice in healthcare.

2. Distinguish confidently between the different types of evidence used in nursing practice.

3. Critically evaluate the different research paradigms and approaches within evidence based practice, including quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.
4. Critically apply relevant research findings for patient benefit

Assessment brief including criteria mapped to learning outcomes
Assessment Brief:

You are to write a 3000 word (+/- 10% excluding reference list) literature review.
Select a topic of interest which is relevant to your pathway based on one of the domains from the NHS Outcomes Framework Indicator 2019 informed by the NICE Quality Standard. Formulate a research question relating to your area of practice, undertake a systematic literature search of relevant sources, examine and critically evaluate the relevant evidence-based information in order to identify the clinical practice gap and make an action plan to address them to bridge the gap, which may form part of your background to your project in the Evaluating and Advancing Nursing Practice module assignment. The essay must be linked to nursing mental health because that is my area of specialisation

Assignment Guidelines:
1. Introduction (200 words). An introduction generally needs to answer these 3 questions.
a. What? The introduction must begin by clearly explaining what the essay is about. Identify in your own words what is required in the assessment brief given above.
b. How? The second part of the introduction needs to outline how the essay is structured. You need to summarise the details given in points 2 to 5 below.
c. Why? An introduction needs to articulate why the topic under consideration is of significance. This should be evidence-based and supported with relevant literature.
2. Background (500 words)
a. Briefly summarise what is already known about the topic and how this relates to your chosen domain from the NHS Outcomes Framework 2017/18 (Learning Outcome 4).
b. Briefly highlight the key original research studies and guidelines related to your topic that have been published in reputable journals/sources in your field of practice (Learning Outcome 2).
c. Explain and justify why the findings of the background studies indicate a need for your review of literature. In other words, explain what already exists and the gaps in what is known that will be answered during your review of existing literature. (Learning Outcomes 1& 4).
3. Formulation of a research question (200 words).
a. Clearly explain the process you followed to formulate your question using the PICO/SPICE framework (Learning Outcome 3).

b. Explain the issue you are examining, itssignificance to your field of practice and its relation to your chosen domain from the NHS Outcomes Framework (2017/18)(Learning Outcome 4).

c. Clearly explain why the question you have formulated needs to be answered and the reasons why it is important to your field of practice.

d. Clearly explain the improvements that will result from the findings of the review of the literature. (Learning Outcome 1)
4. Methodology (700 words)
a. Discuss the Literature search strategy that you have used.
• Search terms. Give details of the ‘terms’ you used to search for the literature.
• Inclusion and exclusion criteria. Briefly outline the type of studies that were included in your search and those that were excluded. Give a rationale for these criteria.
• Sources. Identify the sources you searched. Briefly discuss the range of materials that were observed during the search (Learning Outcome 3).
b.Discuss the process you followed to identify the research papers/relevant literature you have selected. Demonstrate that you have appraised the research paper. You could use a tool such as CASP or Moule and Heck (2011) guidelines. (Learning Outcome 3).
c. Discuss how you extracted data from your articles. Clearly discuss the tool you used for example, Timmins and McCabe (2005). Ensure that the data you extract includes: research aims or hypothesis, research design, sampling, participants, data collection methods, reliability and validity considerations, how data were analysed, findings and their interpretations, ethical considerations and limitations of the studies.(Learning Outcome 3). A data extraction table needs to be included.
d. Discuss your approach to synthesis, for example, narrative synthesis. Give a rationale for your approach to synthesis. (Learning Outcome 3).
5. Discussion (1200 words).
a. Describe the literature obtained and confidently distinguish between the different types of evidence. (Learning Outcome 2).
b. Summarise the key findings/key themes that emerged from the studies under review, highlighting how this relates to your chosen domain from the NHS Outcomes Framework 2017/18. The emerging themes need to be logically presented. (Learning Outcome 3).
c. For each of the themes you have identified, discuss and critically analyse and evaluate the relevant evidence-base. (Learning Outcome 3).
d. Critically discuss and analyse the knowledge and clinical practice gaps anddiscuss the actions needed to address these in order to bridge the gap.Apply your research findings for patient benefit in line with the current Clinical Guidelines and National Service Framework. (Learning Outcomes 1 & 4).
6. Conclusion (200 words)
a. Summary. Summarise the key learning points that have emerged from the review.
b. Recommendations. Make recommendations on what needs to be done in light of your findings and conclusions.
7. References .Appropriate referencing is an important element of academic writing. Use the most up-to-date university referencing guide available from the library website.

Some inputs REGARDING THE ESSAY AND MORE SO ON THE PART OF INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, OF HOW TO FORMULATE A RESEARCH QUESTION, METHODOLOGY, SEARCH FOR THE ARTICLES ETC IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO FOLLW EXAMLPLE BELOW. THANKS
THIS IS A LITERATURE REVIEW CRITIC ASSIGNMENT, FIND 5-67PEER REVIEW ARTICLES RELEVANT TO THE ABOVE TOPIC, THE SEARCH MUST BE MADE FROM DATABASES SUCH AS CINAHLCOMPLETE, psyARTICLES, MEDLINE, psyclINFO and Academic search Elite. LOOK AT LEARNING OUTCOME 4 A METHOLOGY SEARCH STRATEGIES; I NEED TO SEE THIS IN THE METHOLOGY HOW YOU ARE GOING TO CARRY OUT YOUR SEARCH FOR THE PEER REVIEW ARTICLES THAT IS GOING TO BE FOR CRITIQUEJOURNALS. The use of EBSCO HOST PLATFORM MUST BE APPLIED. THE DATABASE, FULL TEXT JOURNALS FOR NURSING, USE KEY WORDS SUCH AS “patient’s experiences, smoking-free, policy, mental health, mental illness, mental disorder, perception* OR psychotic* or psychosis* has to be used in the search for the articles. Also basic search words such as perception* OR feeling*OR experience * OR Smoking* OR policy* attitude * AND smoke-free* OR implementation* AND patients*, OR service users * OR clients* search terms such as feelings, perspectives or emotions, mental health, psychosis, psychotic , are to be used for the search of the Articles that will be critiqued. Also Boolean operators such as Mental * OR psychotic*, OR psychosis AND policy* implementation* AND patients* OR service user* were are to be used for the search for the articles. In addition, the criteria inclusion must include both genders ie both male and female that are service users within the mental health settings who have the experience of the implementation of smoke-free policy .other inclusion to be used are adult above 18 years mental health settings, writer selecting research papers that are PEER REVIEWED AND A PRIMARY RESEARCH ARTICLE WITH FOCUSED ON IMPLEMENTATION AND SMOKE-FREE. MORE ALSO , QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THAT FOCUSED ON SMOKE FREE, PATIENTS EXPERIENCE, MORE ALSO , QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THAT FOCUSED ON SMOKE FREE AND IMPLEMENTATION , EXPERIENCE OF PATIENTS FOLLOWING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMOKE-FREE POLICY IN PSYCHIATRIC UNIT WITHIN THE LAST FIVE YEARS RANGING FROM 2014-2019. YOU NEED TO RECORD HOW MANY ARTICLES WERE OBTAINED DURING SEARCH WITH BOOLEAN AND CINAHL, MEDLIN NO USE OF GOOGLE SCOLARS OR AND HOW MANY ARTICLES YOU SELECTED AND HOW MANY LEFT AND WHY. YOU NEED TO SHOW STEPS UNTIL YOU WERE ABLE TO SELECT YOUR FINAL ARTICLES FOR CRITIQUE (4 A)- AND PRESENT THIS ALSO NEED TO BE PRESENTED ON A TABLE LIKE THE ONE BELOW

IE INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION ALSO WHAT ARE THE RANGE OF MATERIALS THAT WERE OBSERVED DURING THE SEARCH: 4B DISCUSS THE PROCESS YOU FOLLOWED TO IDENTIFY THE RESEARCH PAPERS RELEVANT LITERATURE SELECTED, DEMONSTRATE THAT YOU HAVE APPRAISED THE RESEARCH PAPER USING THE CASP TOOL. THE ARTICLES FOR CRITQUE MUST NOT BE LESS THAN 4 SO YOU NEED TO HAVE 4-6 JOURNAL ARTICLES MUST BE PEER REVIEW JOURNALS (PRIMARY RESEARCH) FOR CRITIQUE AND MUST BE FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS. YOU MUST INLUDE THE (dio) DIGITAL IDENTIFIER OBJECT OF ALL THE JOURNALS UNDER STUDY CAN BE ACCESSED ANYTIME IN FULL TEXT NOT ONLY ABSTRACT. The JOURNALS FOR CRITIQUE SHOULD BE FROM THE UK IF POSSIBLE AND IF NOT YOU CAN USE FROM EUROPE, AMERICA AUSTRALIA AS LONG AS YOU CAN JUSTIFY WHY YOU HAD TO USE FROM OUTSIDE THE UK. AND HOW RELEVANT ARE THEY INTERMS OF HEALTHCARE PROVISION.( 4 B)-PLEASE INCLUDE A DATA EXTRACTION TABLE OF TIMMINS AND McCabe (2005) AND THE TABLE SHOULD BE IN THIS ORDER COLUNM OF : AUTHOR AND YEAR:, LOCATION WHERE DATA WAS COLLECTED:, AIM/PURPOSE:, SAMPLE:, DATA COLLECTION APPROACH:, ETHICAL CONSIDERATION,: DATA ANALYSIS:, AND FINAL COLUNM IS :KEY FINDINGS FROM PAPERS.
FROM INTRODUCTION TO BACKGROUND OF THIS ESSAY MUST BE BACKED UP BY VARIOUS SOURCES FROM SEVERAL OF EVIDENCE BASE REFERENCE SUCH AS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW-JOURNAL AND MANY OTHER SOURCES TO EXPLAIN AND ALL INTEXT CITATION AND BIBIOGRAPHY MUST BE IN HAVARD FORMS THAT ARE FOR CRITIQUE AND NOT IN INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND. IN THE BACK GROUND YOU JUST NEED TO TALK ABOUT THE TOPIC WHICH IS PATIENTS EXPERIENCE FOLLOWING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMOKE-FREE IN ADULT PSYCHIATRIC UNIT. FIND INTRODUCTION NEEDS TO COVER ALL LEARNING OUTCOMES TO SUMMERISE WHAT THE ESSAY IS ABOUT. ALSO WHAT IS EVIDENCE BASE AND WHY THE USE OF EVIDENCE BASE PRACTICE, ALSO THE RATIONAL FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC OF PATIENTS EXPERIENCE FOLLOWING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMOKE-FREE POLICY IN ADULT PSYCHIATRIC UNIT, PATIENTS PERSPECTIVE AND OUTCOMES, COMPARE WITH NON SMOKERS, OUTCOME , IDENTIFY WHICH NHS DOMAIN THE TOPIC IS FALLING UNDER AND WHAT WILL BE THE OUTCOME.
USE QUALITATIVE PEER REVIEW JOURNALS ONLY 2014-2019
LEARNING OUTCOME 5 (important) this is purely discussion of the selected papers for critique only
Here is where your discussion of papers for critique begins. And not about the NHS. You need to state clearly how many papers you have for the critique, where are they from such UK OR outside UK, what type of research ARE THEY QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE, OR MIXED, HOW IS THE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT, and data collection, SUCH AS INTERVIEW , focus group or self-reported, Among the papers you have for critique, go through them all and find what common themes they have and pick about 3 common themes from the papers you have and discuss also and what is different in them you need to discuss your findings from the 5 papers you are critiquing, was the research good or not and was the data collected good, how about participants, methods use, Reliability, validity, consideration and presentation and etc. what needs to change and what are the limitations found . YOU NEED TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST YOUR FINDINGS FROM THE SELECTED PAPERS FOR CRITIQUEFOR EXAMPLE SO AND SO SAYS THIS HOWEVER ACCORDING MY Z FINDINGS IT SHOWS THAT SMOKING IS … FINDINGS FROM THE PAPERS. AFTER CRITIQUE, YOU SUMMERISE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
Learning outcome 4: Methodology part C
Here you need to ensure that data extracted includes research aims or hypothesis, research designs, sampling, participants, data collection methods, reliability and validity considerations and needs to be presented on the Timmins table and you need to make for each article present on a table like the one below
Sample
Appendix 1: The data collected using Timmings and McMabe (2005)
Author & year Journal Type of study Purpose Sample size Design Key findings
Brophy et al;(2016) International Journals of mental health systems Qualitative study To explore experiences of service users & supporters with seclusion and restraint. 36 service users and 30 consumers Focus group The participants identified seclusion and restraint as non-therapeutic, anti-recovery and abuse of human rights.

Learning outcome (3 b) MY TOPIC FALL UNDER DOMAIN FOUR OF THE NHS OUTCOMES FRAMEWORK 2017/18 WHICH CARING FOR PEOPLE IN ASAFE ENVIRONMENT PTOTECTING THEM FROM AN AVOIDABLE HARM