Discuss The Environmental and Sustainability Factors Which Impact on and Influence The Material Choices For a Construction Project

U​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‍‍​nit Learning Outcomes: LO2 Discuss the environmental and sustainability factors which impact on and influence the material choices for a construction project LO3 Present material choices for a given building using performance properties, experimental data, sustainability and environmental consideration Assignment Brief and Guidance: Scenario You have recently been employed as a civil engineering technician by a local contractor. The company has recently appointed a new Managing Director. As well as improving the health and safety record of the company the MD believes that future success will depend on ensuring the work and materials used are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Tasks To highlight the importance of this the MD has requested that you produce a report. Section 1 Select a suitable construction material and investigate its environmental impact over its full lifecycle. Consider its embodied energy and explain the benefits of environmental product declarations and certification (BREEAM, LEED etc). Finally, produce a waste management plan for a project which involves a range of different waste materials. Section 2 Investigate construction material performance properties, behaviour and consider their use. (a) Material Testing (1) highlight the mechanism, rationale and the Hong Kong Standard guidance for the following ‘fresh’ concrete tests; • Taking a sample • The slump test • The process of making test cubes (2) The following test results have been submitted from recent concrete cube tests (N/ mm2) at 28 days with required strength of 35 N/mm2 Based on this data provide the following information; • Mean and standard deviation of the samples respectively. • Interpretation of results using graphs (e.g. normal distribution curve etc.) 38.3 38.2 39.7 40.4 37.7 38.9 41.6 37.9 38.4 39.2 40.7 40.9 37.9 39.2 37.0 38.2 37.9 40.0 38.5 37.8 38.8 38.9 40.4 37.9 38.1 40.2 36.9 40.5 (3) A tensile test was carried out on a specific material. The Loadings have been recorded on an excel document however it is incomplete. Complete the required calculations and enter your results in an excel spread sheet and plot the load/extension graph. Using your results identify or determine: (Appendix 1) • The elastic and plastic region • The yield stress • The ultimate or maximum stress • The Modulus of elasticity of the material (Young’s Modulus) (b) Materials used for the construction and refurbishment of projects within our industry can be categorised as follows: •Metals and Alloys e.g. iron, steel, zinc, copper, brass, aluminium, lead etc. •Timber and Timber products e.g. timber, plywood, MDF, particle board etc. •Clay Products e.g. bricks, tiles etc. •Cements and Concrete e.g. OPC, RHPC, SRPC, concrete etc. •Plastics and other artificial materials •Coatings and finishes e.g. paints, clear finishes, wood treatments From the categories select two (2) materials. The materials selected must be from different categories. For each of the materials selected, describe the properties and identify where and why they could be used within a construction project. (c) All building structures have to carry loads. What is important is how the structure will react to various types of load acting on different parts of the structure. Initially the strength of a building should allow it to carry loads without failure of the construction. 1. Define the various types of loads that a structure must resist. When a member is loa​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‍‍​ded it is subjected to the following forces / effects. 2. Briefly describe, with the aid of sketches, how timber, steel and concrete are affected by the application of your identified loads/forces on a structure. NOTE: (Agree suitable project for the waste management plan with tutor) Submission Format: Any material that is derived from other sources must be appropriately referenced using a standard form of citation. The final page(s) of your presentation notes should include a bibliography of any texts used in support of your research. This is to be presented according to an academic standard reference format. Unit Learning Outcomes: LO4 Evaluate the performance of a given building in respect of its human comfort requirements. Assignment Brief and Guidance: Scenario You have recently been employed as a civil engineering technician by a local contractor. The company has recently appointed a new Managing Director. The MD is keen to improve the performance of the structures the company are designing and building and asked to carry out an investigation of the factors which influence human comfort and the thermal performance of the buildings. Tasks The submission comprises two related items: Section1 – Discuss the basic factors that affect human comfort and identify materials within in a building which can assist with achieving comfortable conditions for the inhabitants of the building. Section 2 – Human Comfort Calculations Human comfort factors are essential in buildings in which we occupy, therefore calculate the following to either establish values or achieve compliance; Calculate the ‘U’ value for the cavity wall shown and given performance criteria; Values of Thermal conductivity are in W/mK; Lightweight Plaster – 0.18 Aerated Concrete block – 0.11 Insulation Board – 0.025 Brickwork – 0.77 Standard Thermal Resistances in m2 K/W; Internal surface – 0.12 External surface – 0.06 Cavity – 0.18 Using the information calculated, and using the information below, calculate the following; (i) Fabric heat loss (ii) Ventilation heat loss (iii) Total heat loss in kilowatts U-values Floor 0.55 Roof 0.4 Windows 2.4 Door 1.65 Walls as calculated A workshop with 175 watt low pressure sodium vapour lamp at 3 metres above floor. The Sodium vapour lamp efficacy is 142.8 lumens per watt Calculate illuminance directly below and 4 m to the side of lamp This same workshop has just taken delivery of a new milling machine. It is intended that it will operate alongside another milling machine. Concern has been raised as to what impact the new machine will have on current sound levels. Current Machine 80dB New Machine 77dB To ensure compliance you are to calculate the combined sound levels. Create a 10-minute presentation which evaluates the use of passive or active strategies to minimise energy, materials, water and land use. Appendix 1 Load Stress = Force / Area Change in Length Strain = Change in length / original length Youngs Modulus = Stress / Strain 20 0.06 40 0.11 60 0.18 80 0.24 100 0.29 120 0.35 140 0.41 150 0.43 160 0.46 170 0.50 172 0.53 174 0.57 176 0.62 175 0.70 178 0.81 180 0.86 190 1.02 200 1.21 210 1.41 220 1.65 230 1.92 240 2.25 250 2.84 257 3.53 260 4.24 259 5.65 256 6.10 256 6.33 250 6.33 242 6.55​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‍‍​229 6.61 Area 477 Length 300